carnero (CST33)

carnero (CST33)
Simplex Glyph

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This painting of the simplex glyph for the Spanish loanword carnero (ram) shows a profile of a ram facing toward the viewer’s left. It has horns that curve downward and large testicles. On the next page, an identical animal is employed to refer to a stock-raising enterprise for ichcatl.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Europeans introduced sheep (and stock raising, in general) to the Americas. The companion text explains that one hundred rams were purchased for the purpose of breeding. The next page refers to a stock-raising ranch (estancia). The cost was 6 tomines per ram. A Juan López of Teposcolula (spelled here Tepuzcululan) made the sale. On the next page, perhaps a brother is mentioned, Gabriel López, along with what I would interpret to be the founding of the estancia. For more on the Codex Sierra, see Kevin Terraciano’s study (2021), especially p. 120 (for the Nahuatl transcription) and 155 (for the English translation). For other glyphs or examples of iconography relating to animal husbandry, see below.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss Image: 
Source Manuscript: 
Date of Manuscript: 

1550–1564

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Santa Catalina Texupan, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca

Syntax: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Shapes and Perspectives: 
Other Cultural Influences: 
Keywords: 

carneros, cuernos, crianza, ganadería, estancias, lana

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 

carnero, a ram (a loanword from Spanish taken into Nahuatl), https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/carnero

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

carnero

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Códice Sierra-Texupan, plate 33, page dated 1560. Origin: Santa Catalina Texupan, Mixteca Alta, State of Oaxaca. Kevin Terraciano has published an outstanding study of this manuscript (Codex Sierra, 2021), and in his book he refers to alphabetic and “pictorial” writing, not hieroglyphic writing. We are still counting some of the imagery from this source as hieroglyphic writing, but we are also including examples of “iconography” where the images verge on European style illustrations or scenes showing activities. We have this iconography category so that such images can be fruitfully compared with hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphic writing was evolving as a result of the influence of European illustrations, and even alphabetic writing impacted it.
https://bidilaf.buap.mx/objeto.xql?id=48281&busqueda=Texupan&action=search

Image Source, Rights: 

The Biblioteca Digital Lafragua of the Biblioteca Histórica José María Lafragua in Puebla, Mexico, publishes this Códice Sierra-Texupan, 1550–1564 (62pp., 30.7 x 21.8 cm.), referring to it as being in the “Public Domain.” This image is published here under a Creative Commons license, asking that you cite the Biblioteca Digital Lafragua and this Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs.

Historical Contextualizing Image: