chichime (FCbk12f22r)

chichime (FCbk12f22r)
Iconography

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This iconographic example, featuring a black and white sketch of two dogs (chichime, or chichimeh, with the glottal stop, the plural of chichi, dog), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text near the image in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This contextualizing shows how these two dogs were with the Spanish invasionary party–men wearing armor, carrying lances and a banner, and riding horses. This is set in a vague landscape with shading for three-dimensionality (a learned European artistic style). The Nahuatl text describes the dogs, which caught the attention of the tlacuilo, as “sniffing” and “constantly panting.” On other folios in Book 12, the dogs are said to be huge, with large jowls, foam dropping from the jowls, ears folded over, and eyes like burning coals. We do not see protruding tongues here, which is something of a surprise, given how many animals in this digital collection have their tongues out. The curling tail on one of these dogs does tie in with the attention to curling objects often captured in Nahuatl hieroglyphs, including things like swirling water and air.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Spanish dogs were different from Indigenous dogs of the Americas. They were larger and therefore somewhat frightening at first. As our Online Nahuatl Dictionary shows, besides chichi, there were a number of additional terms for Mexican dogs: itzcuintli, xochcocoyotl, tetlami, and tehuitzotl. Ahuitzotl was also a frightening local dog that lived in the lakes and was believed to be able to pull people down and drown them when they were in the water.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

chichime

Gloss/Text Normalization: 

chichimeh

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Date of Manuscript: 

1577

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Mexico City

Cultural Content & Iconography: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Other Cultural Influences: 
Keywords: 

perro, perros, caballo, caballos, lanza, lanzas, escudos, bandera, cola rizada, colas

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 
Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

el perro

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 12: Conquest of Mexico", fol. 22r, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/22r/images/0 Accessed 7 February 2026.

Image Source, Rights: 

Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

Historical Contextualizing Image: 
See Also: