encomendero (Osu34v)

encomendero (Osu34v)
Simplex Hieroglyph

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This painted simplex Nahuatl hieroglyph represents a Spanish overlord called an encomendero, which is a word taken into Nahuatl. The gloss refers to just "one" encomendero who presided over this town, extracting tributes in kind, perhaps in coin, and in labor. The grant he held would have been called an encomienda. This is a bearded Spanish male who wears a brown hat and cape. A white collar emerges around the neck from under the cape. The beard is brown, but the man appears to have gray hair, just barely visible behind his ear. His shoulders and chest are nearly in a frontal view, but his head is turned to the viewer's right in a profile view.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Various Spaniards appear in this digital collection, often informing the ways Nahuas and Spaniards interacted in their daily lives. Spanish women are rare; a couple that appear were wives of encomenderos. Spanish men appearing in Nahuatl manuscripts tend to be judges, cabildo members, expedition leaders, armed men, priests or monks, notaries, and interpreters. Some men simply called "español" could have been encomenderos; on this manuscript a few men are actually labeled as such. In fact, this Osuna Codex shows many Spaniards from various occupations.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

çecomēdero

Gloss/Text Normalization: 

ce encomendero

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Source Manuscript: 
Date of Manuscript: 

1551–1565

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Mexico City

Syntax: 
Cultural Content & Iconography: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Shapes and Perspectives: 
Other Cultural Influences: 
Keywords: 

Spaniard, español, españoles, tributo, tributos, colonialismo

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 

encomendero, holder of a grant to extract tribute in kind and in labor, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/encomendero

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

el encomendero

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Library of Congress Online Catalog and the World Digital Library, Osuna Codex, or Painting of the Governor, Mayors, and Rulers of Mexico, https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_07324/. The original is located in the Biblioteca Nacional de España.

Image Source, Rights: 

"The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse." But please cite the Biblioteca Nacional de España and this Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs if you use any of these images here or refer to the content on this page, providing the URL

Historical Contextualizing Image: