oztomecatl (FCbk10f42v)
This iconographic example, featuring an imperial vanguard merchant (oztomecatl), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text on the same page in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows a vanguard merchant in profile, facing right, and still in the act of walking, with his legs far apart. He has apparently walked along the winding road that disappears off in the distance behind him. He carries a large load on a frame (cacaxtli) made for such a purpose. The bundle is covered with a woven mat (petlatl), and its contents are not visible. It is tied with ropes or cords to the wooden frame of the cacaxtli. A bird with wings spread stands upon the top of the bundle. On the lower end of the bundle there is a large vertical stone, with curling ends and diagonal stripes, alternating tan and black or dark brown. Perhaps the bird (tototl) and stone (tetl) are a remnant of hieroglyphic writing, or perhaps the stone says something about the contents or the weight of the bundle. The man wears a white loincloth (maxtlatl) and white sandals (cactli). His right hand holds the wood at the top of the pack frame. The contextualizing image shows that this oztomecatl is arriving at a building with a European architectural style. Curiously, a man (friar? enslaved person?) seems to be lying inside the entrance, on his side, facing outward.
Stephanie Wood
The Oztomeca were known as merchants who kept secrets and hid things. [See Samuel Salinas Álvarez, Historia de los caminos de Mexico, t. 1 (1994), 88.] They were helping to advance the empire with their spying. A fair number of oztomecatl glyphs appear in this digital collection. Three of them (as of September 2025) show men carrying packs. One shows two stones, suggesting an association of stone perhaps with the place name Oztoman (“Like a Cave”) that once gave the merchants their label. Two show a special, decorated staff that may have had an association with the status of being a vanguard merchant. One has a design that is not identifiable.
Stephanie Wood
oztomecatl
Stephanie Wood
1577
Jeff Haskett-Wood
bastónes, mercader, mercaderes, comerciantes, cueva, cuevas, nombres de lugares

oztomeca(tl), a vanguard merchant, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/oztomecatl
el comerciante de la vanguardia del imperio
Stephanie Wood
Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 10: The People", fol. 42v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/10/folio/42v/images/0 Accessed 10 September 2025.
Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”
