oztotl tepetl (FCbk11f245r)
This iconographic example, featuring a black and white sketch of a mountain cavern (oztotl tepetl), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text near the image in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows a mountain (tepetl) with a peak and, in the foreground, an entrance to a dark, natural cave or cavern (oztotl). Inside the cave, a person has fallen, head down. The person is probably a Nahua man. He is wearing a belted tunic, a colonial type of clothing. The landscape has shading for three-dimensionality (European artistic influence). The companion text explains how this cavern is long, deep, rough, and both wide and narrow. It is a “dangerous” place, a place of death.
Stephanie Wood
The painting of caves has evolved considerably from the Nahuatl hieroglyphs in the Codex Mendoza of c. 1541 and even the Matrícula de Huexotzinco (1560). The glyphs show more of a supernatural creature with a large mouth. Some caves were also womb-like.
Stephanie Wood
oztotl tepetl
Stephanie Wood
1577
Jeff Haskett-Wood
cavernas, cuevas, montañas, caerse, morir, muerte, muerto, peligroso
oztotl tepetl, a mountain cave or cavern, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/oztotl-tepetl
la caverna, o la cueva de la montaña
Stephanie Wood
Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 245r, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/245r/images/0 Accessed 16 November 2025.
Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

