totoltetl (TK216r)

totoltetl (TK216r)
Simplex Hieroglyph

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This painted simplex Nahuatl hieroglyph represents eggs (what we are labeling totoltetl based on the Spanish text and the context), which were being paid by Tepetlaoztoc in tribute to a mercantile agent of Hernando Cortés. These are likely wild turkey eggs, considering how a vast number of turkey hens were also being paid in tribute, shown on this same manuscript page. These eggs appear as three round objects seemingly covered with white cotton cloth and tied. The three small bundles are also tied together at the top. The contextualizing image documents the immense quantity of eggs that were demanded by the Spanish colonial authorities, which the people behind this manuscript are protesting. The amounts are two xiquipilli (16,000 alone), plus 15 x 400, plus 15. The total given in the Spanish text suggests a banner (20) is missing above the final 15 ones, which would make them a multiplier.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

This is the first example to enter this digital collection (May 2026) whereby the eggs are wrapped and tied. Perhaps this was meant to protect them and keep them from breaking. Other examples of eggs show them in nests or baskets, but tied sacks of silk seeds provide an idea about how turkey eggs might have also been delivered.

Side Note: The folio numbers are not always clear in the copy published online by the British Museum. Marc Thouvenot gives this page the number K15_A in his TLACHIA digital collection, https://tlachia.iib.unam.mx/tepetlaoztoc/K15_A.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

huevos

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Date of Manuscript: 

c. 1556

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Tepetlaoztoc, East of Lake Tetzcoco

Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Keywords: 

costal, costales, alforja, alforjas, bolsa, bolsas, comida, envueltos, atados, tributo, tributos, resistencia, abusos, colonialismo

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 
Additional Scholars' Interpretations: 

“totolteme,” Marc Thouvenot, TLACHIA, https://tlachia.iib.unam.mx/tepetlaoztoc/K14_A.

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

el huevo

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

The Codex Kingsborough, also known as the Códice de Tepetlaoztoc, and the Memorial de los indios de Tepetlaoztoc, is not on display. It was transferred from the British Library and is now held by the British Museum. It is shared on line at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Am2006-Drg-13964

Image Source, Rights: 

©The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. Please also cite the <em>Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphsem>, ed. Stephanie Wood (Eugene, Ore.: Wired Humanities Projects, 2020-present) and this URL.

Historical Contextualizing Image: