pano (Mdz38r)

This is the same type of print that is shown on maps to indicate roads, trails, or pathways, given that it indicates human movement across a landscape. In the compound from which this footprint derives, however, it provides the phonetic value for the locative suffix -pan (meaning on or in). When the footprint appears above another glyphic element, it represents the verb pano (shortened to -pan, on), as it does here. In other glyphs, where it appears below another glyphic element, it is referring to a road (otli), and provides the phonetic "yo" (referring to a place characteristic of that other thing, full of it, having a lot of it). [See Gordon Whittaker's discussion of this in Deciphering Aztec Hieroglyphs, 2021, 100.]

Footprint glyphs have a wide range of translations. In this collection, so far, we can attest to yauh, xo, pano, -pan, paina, temo, nemi, quetza, otli, iyaquic hualiloti, huallauh, tetepotztoca, totoco, -tihui, and the vowel "o." Other research (Herrera et al, 2005, 64) points to additional terms, including: choloa, tlaloa, totoyoa, eco, aci, quiza, maxalihui, centlacxitl, and xocpalli.