tlacaehuatl (FCbk9f6v)

tlacaehuatl (FCbk9f6v)
Iconography

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

his iconographic example, featuring a human skin (tlacaehuatl) and the person that might have been flayed as part of a religious ceremony called Tlacaxipehualiztli (the flaying of people also the name of the month when captives were slain), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making potential comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the keywords chosen by the team behind the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows a bird’s eye view of the flayed human skin lying face down on a tiled floor. It is an orange color. The scalp is still attached, showing tousled hair. A person kneels at the skin, which is probably his own skin, as he is pink with red bloody splotches. The face looks like a semi-skeletal one, suggesting the person is dead (even if still kneeling, semi-upright), what might have been referred to as a teomicqui (deceased person with a divine dimension). The text refers to the sacrifice of sometimes 400 captives during this religious festival, Tlacaxipehualiztli, which has the name of the relevant divine force, Xipe Totec, partly embedded in the term. Some priests wore these human skins in the spirit of the divine force and in the hope of spring and the regeneration it can bring.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Three related glyphs appear below. These all seem to be headdresses or head coverings related to the religious observations of Tlacaxipehualiztl. Another comparison (ehuatl), below, shows that warriors wore animal hides in ways similar to wearing the skins of formidable opponents in war. The “gloss” given below (actually a word extracted from the text) refers to this month of ceremonies.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss Image: 
Gloss Diplomatic Transcription: 

Tlacaxipeoaliztli

Gloss Normalization: 

Tlacaxipehualiztli

Gloss Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Date of Manuscript: 

1577

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Mexico City

Syntax: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Keywords: 

micquetl, miqui, hide, skin, pieles, offering, huentli, teomicqui, mictiloni, muerte, muertos

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 

tlacaehua(tl), a flayed human skin, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/tlacaehuatl
Tlacaxipehualiztli, the name of a month in the calendar, also a religious festival when captives were slain (and some flayed), https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/tlacaxipehualiztli

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

la piel de una persona desollada

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 9: The Merchants", fol. 6v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/9/folio/6v/images/0 Accessed 27 August 2025.

Image Source, Rights: 

Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

Historical Contextualizing Image: