tealtiani (FCbk10f42r)
This iconographic example, featuring a bather of enslaved people (tealtiani), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text on the page before the image in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows two men, both in a ¾ view. The man on the left is possibly wearing a loincloth (maxtlatl) and clearly wears a cloak (tilmatli), which suggests some status. The fabric of the cloak has shading, which gives it a three-dimensionality, revealing European artistic influences. The man on the left is pouring water on the head of a nude man sitting on a small seat or a rock on the viewer’s right. The water (atl) has lines of current and droplets at the tips of the streams, very reminiscent of hieroglyphs for water. While semantic, the water (atl) also explains the “-al-” in the middle of the term tealtiani, “one who bathes enslaved people.” The text comments further that this is a wealthy merchant who owns many enslaved people and is a “slave dealer” (tecoani).
Stephanie Wood
Perhaps it is surprising that a wealthy merchant might personally bathe the enslaved people he owned. But it was part of a religious ceremony to prepare them–the bathed ones (tealtiltin)--for sacrifice. [See: Frances F. Berdan and Michael E. Smith, Everyday Life in the Aztec World (2020), ch. 6.] Hieroglyphs relating to enslaved people typically have a focus on the yoke around the neck that the individuals–including children–were forced to wear. Some examples appear below.
Stephanie Wood
tealtiani
Stephanie Wood
1577
Jeff Haskett-Wood
mercader, mercaderes, comerciantes, esclavos, esclavitud, bañar, agua, desnudez, hombres

tealtiani, a bather of enslaved people, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/tealtiani
el comerciante que baña a las personas esclavizadas
Stephanie Wood
Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 10: The People", fol. 42r, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/10/folio/42r/images/0 Accessed 10 September 2025.
Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”
