temazcalli (FCbk11f244v)

temazcalli (FCbk11f244v)
Iconography

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This iconographic example, featuring a black and white sketch of a steam bath or sweat house (temazcalli), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text near the image in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows a frontal view of the building, which seems to be made from adobe or stone bricks. It has an arching doorway with water flowing out and a nude woman sitting in or at the edge of the water washing herself. Her left hand and arm cover her breasts. One knows this is a woman based on her neaxtlahualli (also called axtlacuilli) hairstyle This flow of water connects to a smaller river leading to a pond off to the right. The building has two small round windows, one on the left and one on the right, and smoke emerges from these windows in little glyph-like scrolls. Of to the viewer’s left of the building is another, attached structure, also made of bricks or stones, but a darker color. This building also has an arched opening where a fire burns from a group of planks. Both buildings also have stone mosaics on the bottom, where the walls meet the earth. The hilly, shaded landscape represents European artistic elements.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

The semi-detached, rounded building for the fire that makes the steam is a recurring feature in Nahuatl hieroglyphs of the temazcalli. In the main buildings, the entrances are either arched (from European influence?) or of the rectangular type, framed with wooden beams. Water typically flows out of these openings, so presumably there is an intake at the back of the building. When there is an indication of gender associated with the temazcalli, it is female, at least in the few examples in this collection as of February 2026.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

Temazcalli

Gloss/Text Normalization: 

temazcalli

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Date of Manuscript: 

1577

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Mexico City

Syntax: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Other Cultural Influences: 
Keywords: 

baños, agua, fuego, arquitectura, mujeres, lavar

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 

temazcal(li), a steam bath or sweat house, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/temazcalli

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

el temazcal, el baño de vapor

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 244v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/244v/images/0 Accessed 16 November 2025.

Image Source, Rights: 

Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

Historical Contextualizing Image: