eltetequi (FCbk12f10v)
This iconographic example, featuring a black and white sketch of someone lying on his back with his chest cut open (involving the verb eltequi or eltetequi, in the reduplicative), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text near the image in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows Motecuhzoma sitting on a high-backed, woven throne (what is usually called an icpalli), in profile, facing toward the viewer’s right. He is wearing a cloak tied on his shoulder and a diadem. Hatching and lines of shading provide the fabric with a three-dimensionality, a European artistic trait learned by the tlacuilos. He is pointing a finger (mapilhuia) and gesturing, ordering what is to happen. In front of him, a man is stretched out on a mat, while others hold his hands and feet. His chest has been cut open, and some blood has been extracted and thrown onto the messengers who had met with the Spanish invaders in the gulf harbor. This was done because their description of the meeting there and the threat posed was highly worrisome for Motecuhzoma. The man sprinkling the blood has something in his mouth, perhaps a cigar. A flint knife was the usual tool for cutting open chests. There is something dark at the site of the wound, but it does not appear to be a flint knife.
Stephanie Wood
The reduplication of eltequi (eltetequi) in the Nahuatl text for this scene may be owing to the fact that there were multiple offerings made at that time. The text mentions that the captives were covered in chalk first. The vast majority of religious offerings in this digital collection (with over 7500 records) relate to blood letting and especially blood-letting instruments, rather than heart extraction. There are two other examples of chest perforations (see below).
Stephanie Wood
…quimeltetequi…
Stephanie Wood
1577
Jeff Haskett-Wood
sacrificio, sacrificios, ofrenda, ofrendas para las fuerzas divinas, religión indígena, mapilhuia, Montezuma, emperador mexica, Nahuas
eltequi, to cut a chest open, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/eltequi
abrir un pecho
Stephanie Wood
Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 12: Conquest of Mexico", fol. 10v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/10v/images/0 Accessed 7 February 2026.
Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”
