tzompantli (Azca28)

tzompantli (Azca28)
Iconography

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This painted black-line drawing of the unglossed iconographic example of a skull rack (what we are calling a tzompantli) shows a rack with two horizontal and four vertical posts. These are painted red. Six skulls appear on this skull rack, all facing forward, each one in its own section of the grid made by the boards. The skulls have two holes where they eyes once were and front upper teeth (numbering from three to five teeth per head). An upside-down Y appears where the nose once was. The rack sits upon what appears to be a stepped structure, whereby the steps go up the middle and some kind of hanging ornamentation appears to the right and left of the steps. In front of the steps is a human head, seemingly male, with long hair. This head is shown in profile facing left. The skin of the face is flesh-toned, and the hair is black. There may be some kind of feathered headdress atop the head. It might be a cuauhpilolli.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

One skull rack in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis shows a skull in a frontal view, but in the Codex Mendoza the skulls hang in profile on the racks. See below. Skulls apparently removed from a tzompantli and put in a museum at the archaeological site of Tlatelolco (on display as of 2 May 2025), show the holes on the sides of the crania, as though they had been displayed with their faces forward.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Source Manuscript: 
Date of Manuscript: 

post-1550, possibly from the early seventeenth century.

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

perhaps Tlatelolco, Mexico City

Syntax: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Colors: 
Shapes and Perspectives: 
Keywords: 

calavera, cráneo, estructuras, arquitectura, escaleras

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 
Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

una estructura para colocar cráneos

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

The Codex Azcatitlan is also known as the Histoire mexicaine, [Manuscrit] Mexicain 59–64. It is housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, and hosted on line by the World Digital Library and the Library of Congress, which is “unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection.”
https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_15280/?sp=28&st=image

Image Source, Rights: 

The Library of Congress is “unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection.” But please cite Bibliothèque Nationale de France and this Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs.

Historical Contextualizing Image: