Xilopacac (Verg25r)

Xilopacac (Verg25r)
Compound Glyph

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This compound Nahuatl hieroglyph is a black-line drawing of the personal name Xilopacac, attested here as a man’s name. It has two elements, the most important being a tender ear of maize (xilotl), which provides the start to the name. This ear of corn still has some of the husk on it, and the silk still also appears at the top. Above and to the left is a swallowtail flag flying to the left. The post it is on has a cap. Some of these features of the flag–which serves as a phonetic indicator for the -pa syllable–seem to show European artistic influences. The name ends with -pacac, which seems to mean “washed,” from the verb paca in the preterit tense.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

This is the first hieroglyph of the name Xilopacac to enter this database (as of February 2026). Xilotl, however, is attested in this collection.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

jua xilopacac.

Gloss/Text Normalization: 

Juan Xilopacac

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Source Manuscript: 
Date of Manuscript: 

1539

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

near Tepetlaoztoc, near Tetzcoco

Semantic Categories: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Parts (compounds or simplex + notation): 
Reading Order (Compounds or Simplex + Notation): 
Other Cultural Influences: 
Keywords: 

maíz, jilotes, lavar, limpiar, fonetismo, nombres de hombres, men’s names

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 
Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

posiblemente, “El Jilote Lavado”

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Codex Vergara, folio 25r, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84528032/f57.item.zoom, accessed 22 February 2026. The Vergara is associated with Tepetlaoztoc, in the larger region of Tetzcoco, c. 1539–1543.

Image Source, Rights: 

The non-commercial reuse of images from the Bibliothèque nationale de France is free as long as the user is in compliance with the legislation in force and provides the citation: “Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France” or “Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF.” We would also appreciate a citation to the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, https://aztecglyphs.wired-humanities.org/.

Historical Contextualizing Image: