xochitenacal (FCbk11f22r)

xochitenacal (FCbk11f22r)
Iconography

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This iconographic example, featuring a keel-billed toucan (xochitenacal), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the Nahuatl text near the image in the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows a colorful bird with an unusual beak. The name xochitenacal refers to a beak that is like a flower and concave. The image shows a red and yellow beak with a double hook on the upper part of the beak. The feathers are dark green with some white, and the head is yellow. The bird’s legs are mainly red with some yellow undertones. The left leg is raised, suggesting movement. A faint red shadow appears under each foot, giving the bird a grounding that suggests European artistic influences.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

This digital collection currently (2025) has no other examples of the xochitenacal.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

Xochitenacal

Gloss/Text Normalization: 

xochitenacal

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Date of Manuscript: 

1577

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Mexico City

Syntax: 
Cultural Content & Iconography: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Other Cultural Influences: 
Keywords: 

pájaros, ave, aves, pluma, plumas, animales

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 
Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

un tipo de tucán (con un pico cóncavo)

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 11: Earthly Things", fol. 22r, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/11/folio/22r/images/0 Accessed 7 October 2025.

Image Source, Rights: 

Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

Historical Contextualizing Image: