Totec (FCbk9f49v)

Totec (FCbk9f49v)
Iconography

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This iconographic example, featuring the divine or sacred force called Xipe Totec (or, here, just Totec, “Our Lord”), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with any potential, related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from the text on the same page as the image and the scene title chosen by the team behind the Digital Florentine Codex. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows an especially large, male, anthropomorphic figure (the divine force, Xipe Totec) that is surrounded by people, some bringing offerings. The deity-like figure appears in a ¾ view, and, in the contextualizing image, he is facing a woman who is offering him two ears of corn. He might be wearing the skin of a slain and flayed sacrificial victim; it is the circles around his eyes that suggest this. Normally, the extra skin would also be visible where it ended on his arms and legs, and where an incision across the chest had been sewn closed. The sacred force and his ixiptlatl were supposed to wear the flayed skin through the length of the festival. The contextual text suggests this scene was nearing the conclusion of the religious period, when skins were to be removed and thrown in a cave. In this scene Totec carries what may be a purple club over his left shoulder and a very tall staff (tlacotl or cuahuitl?) in his right hand. It seems to be decorated with four, evenly spaced, tapachtli shells in white and purple.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Nothing yet (September 2025) in this digital collection looks quite like this figure, but related glyphs refer to Xipe, Yopi, and the personal names Totec and Totectin.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss Image: 
Gloss Diplomatic Transcription: 

totec

Gloss Normalization: 

Totec

Gloss Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Date of Manuscript: 

1577

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Mexico City

Semantic Categories: 
Syntax: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Shapes and Perspectives: 
Keywords: 

religión indígena, piel desollada, regeneración, huentli, obsequios, regalos, maíz

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 

Totec, either the divine force himself or one of his devotees and ritual impersonators, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/totec

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

Totec (Nuestro Señor)

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 9: The Merchants", fol. 49v, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/9/folio/49v/images/0 Accessed 1 September 2025.

Image Source, Rights: 

Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

Historical Contextualizing Image: