armas reales (FCbk12f22r)
This iconographic example, featuring a black and white sketch of a royal standard (cuachpanitl) with the Spanish coat of arms (armas reales, in a loanword from Spanish), is included in this digital collection for the purpose of making comparisons with related hieroglyphs. The term selected for this example comes from Our Online Nahuatl Dictionary and the use of cuachpanitl in the Nahuatl text. There is no gloss, per se. This example shows a flag with the coat of arms of León and Castilla. The coat of arms is sideways. A man on horseback is holding the staff that carries the flag. The Nahuatl text explains that the man was “waving” the flag, “tossing it,” and “making it spin.”
Stephanie Wood
Nahuas had smaller banners and flags (panitl or pamitl, depending upon the variant of the language). A flag could be made of different substances, such as paper and cloth (cuachtli, ayatl, etc.). The term panitl could serve as a phonetic syllable for -pan- or -pa-, meaning in, on, or toward. Flags in Nahua culture often had a religious significance and were found at religious festivals.
Stephanie Wood
…quachpanitl…
cuachpanitl
Stephanie Wood
1577
Jeff Haskett-Wood
bandera, banderas, estandarte, estandartes, armas
cuachpan(itl), royal banner, made of cloth, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/cuachpanitl
las armas reales
Stephanie Wood
Available at Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 12: Conquest of Mexico", fol. 22r, Getty Research Institute, 2023. https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/en/book/12/folio/22r/images/0 Accessed 7 February 2026.
Images of the digitized Florentine Codex are made available under the following Creative Commons license: CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International). For print-publication quality photos, please contact the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana ([email protected]). The Library of Congress has also published this manuscript, using the images of the World Digital Library copy. “The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse.”

