Huitzilihuitl (Mdz3v)

The Aztecs favored the hummingbird, and they were very aware of the varieties, each having its own name. The color of the feathers and especially their iridescence are remarkable traits, and each color variant gave a different name to the hummingbird, as we see in the Florentine Codex listing of the variations. The deity Huitzilopochtli, Hummingbird-Left, Hummingbird-South, or Hummingbird-Sinister, as various translations interpret the name, was possibly the highest Aztec divinity at the time of contact with Europeans. He may have been an elder named Huitzilin, who became deified. [See: John F. Schwaller, The Fifteenth Month (2019), p. 20.] As found in our online Nahuatl Dictionary, in the entry for huitzilin, Nahua oral tradition mentions the hummingbird as being special for its ability to drink the honey of flowers. The dictionary entry also mentions that hummingbirds were killed and offered in sacrifice in religious rituals. Fray Diego Durán (Historia de las de Nueva España, 1581) adds that hummingbirds were able to be reborn, something he says that he witnessed. Warriors who died on battlefields could also be reborn as hummingbirds. [See: Maysaa Barakat and ‎Mariela A. Rodríguez, Immigrant Family in the Academy (2020).] Names of important leaders included a huitzilin component; examples are Huitzipopoca and Huitzilihuitl.

Furthermore, the hummingbird held an honored place in Nahua thought, as it was connected to the sexual act in the Florentine Codex, connected to Quetzalcoatl in the Codex Borgia, linked to the South and Huitznahuatl (the region of spines or thorns), which has a connection to self-sacrificial acts, and, finally, hummingbirds were associated with warriors who died in combat. [See: Lisardo Pérez Lugones, "Un peculiar ejemplo de arte indígena novohispano," Itinearios 35 (June 2022), p. 219.]