Toztlehuac (Verg31v)

Toztlehuac (Verg31v)
Compound Glyph

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This compound Nahuatl hieroglyph is a black-line drawing of the personal name Toztlehuac (perhaps “Fiery Yellow”). The textual elements for this compound appear to include something about a yellow-headed parrot (toztli), fire (tletl), and the adjective-like suffix (-huac). The visuals, however, do not match these terms. What appears (in a bird’s eye view) is something like a spider or a bug. It has a bow tie–perhaps made of paper==around its waist. The tie is somewhat like the tie on the Tlepapalotl (“Fire Moth”), but that tie appears at the top, not in the middle. The tie might have iconography similar to the Panquetzaliztli flag, with its stripes, which is also like the flag of Tocuiltecatl.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Another Toztlehuac appears on folio 28 verso, and it looks much like this one, adding no additional clues to its decipherment. This compound requires further research.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss or Text Image: 
Gloss/Text Diplomatic Transcription: 

miguel. toztlehuac.

Gloss/Text Normalization: 

Miguel Toztlehuac

Gloss/Text Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Source Manuscript: 
Date of Manuscript: 

1539

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

near Tepetlaoztoc, near Tetzcoco

Semantic Categories: 
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Jeff Haskett-Wood

Shapes and Perspectives: 
Parts (compounds or simplex + notation): 
Reading Order (Compounds or Simplex + Notation): 
Keywords: 

pajarita de papel, insecto, bicho, fuego, loro amarillo

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 
Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

posiblemente, Amarillo Ardiente

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Available at Codex Vergara, folio 31v, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84528032/f70.item.zoom, accessed 22 February 2026. The Vergara is associated with Tepetlaoztoc, in the larger region of Tetzcoco, c. 1539–1543.
“Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF.” We would also appreciate a citation to the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, https://aztecglyphs.wired-humanities.org/.

Image Source, Rights: 

Image Rights: The non-commercial reuse of images from the Bibliothèque nationale de France is free as long as the user is in compliance with the legislation in force and provides the citation: “Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France” or “Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF.” We would also appreciate a citation to the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, https://aztecglyphs.wired-humanities.org/

Orthography: 
Historical Contextualizing Image: