Xochiteotl (Verg34r)
This compound Nahuatl hieroglyph is a black-line drawing of the personal name Xochiteotl (perhaps “Flower Divinity”), attested here as pertaining to a man. The compound consists of a flowering plant (xochitl) that has two stems, each with a flower at the end, and two leaves, one on the left and one on the right. Below this plant is a horizontal stone (tetl) with its curling ends and a curving stripe through its middle. Below the stone is a horizontal road (otli) in the form of parallel lines that contain two alternating footprints (movement). The stone and the road provide the two phonetic syllables (-te- + -o-) that combine to make teotl (a divine force). Another Xochiteotl from the Matrícula de Huexotzinco has just the flower and a stone, where the stone alone stood for -teotl. A Quick Search for Xochiteotl in this digital collection will bring up a number of compounds where a sun or a human head/face stands for the -teotl component in the name.
Stephanie Wood
Perhaps the tlacuilo spelled out teotl phonetically in an effort to avoid drawing an image of a divine force and thereby avoid the disapproval of the colonial clergy. Serious events in Tetzcoco in 1539 may have made Nahua tlacuilos more cautious when writing and painting about aspects of their faith. See: Patricia Lopes Don for information about the Inquisition case against don Carlos Ometochtli, a Chichimecatecuhtli executed in late 1539, in Bonfires of Culture, 2010. Bradley Benton (The Lords of Tetzcoco, 2017, 46) also writes that the case “demonstrates that blatant disregard for Christianity had serious consequences.”
Stephanie Wood
jua. xochiteotl
Juan Xochiteotl
Stephanie Wood
1539
Jeff Haskett-Wood
flor divina, flores divinas, fuerzas sagradas, fonetismo, nombres de hombres, men’s names

xoch(itl), flower, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/xochitl
te(tl), stone, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/tetl
o(tli), road, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/otli
posiblemente, Flor-Divinidad
Stephanie Wood
Available at Codex Vergara, folio 34r, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84528032/f75.item.zoom, accessed 1 March 2026 The Vergara is associated with Tepetlaoztoc, in the larger region of Tetzcoco, c. 1539–1543. “Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF.” We would also appreciate a citation to the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, https://aztecglyphs.wired-humanities.org/.
Image Rights: The non-commercial reuse of images from the Bibliothèque nationale de France is free as long as the user is in compliance with the legislation in force and provides the citation: “Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France” or “Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF.” We would also appreciate a citation to the Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, https://aztecglyphs.wired-humanities.org/
