Yaotl (MH485r)

Yaotl (MH485r)
Simplex Glyph

Glyph or Iconographic Image Description: 

This black and white drawing of the simplex glyph for the personal name Yaotl ("The Combatant") shows a war shield. The shield is rounded on the sides, but has depressions on the perimeter at top and bottom. The shield is divided into four sections with an X-shaped cross. Inside each section is what appears to be a u-shape.

Description, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Added Analysis: 

Yaotl is an extremely common name in the Matrícula de Huexotzinco. The early Nahuas lived in a warrior culture, which probably valued being brave and fierce. While "enemy" is the literal translation of yaotl, the name had more the sense of a valiant combatant. The man bearing the name Yaotl also has a baptismal name, Diego. Putting Yaotl second to the baptismal name probably eventually led to it being seen as a surname (as a result of European influence). But today Yaotl is used more as a given name, and many people equate it with Warrior.

This shield can be compared to other graphic styles from other tlacuilos, below. The shape and the cross may suggest European influences, but the Indigenous shield was usually round with feathers coming off the bottom.

Added Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Gloss Image: 
Gloss Diplomatic Transcription: 

diego yaotl

Gloss Normalization: 

Diego Yaotl

Gloss Analysis, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Source Manuscript: 
Huexotzinco, Matrícula de (MH)
Date of Manuscript: 

1560

Creator's Location (and place coverage): 

Huejotzingo, Puebla

Semantic Categories: 
personal name
Syntax: 
noun(s)
Cultural Content & Iconography: 
War or Conflict
Weapons, Shields, Armor
Cultural Content, Credit: 

Xitlali Torres and Stephanie Wood

Colors: 
black & white drawing (no color)
Shapes and Perspectives: 
cross (x)
quincunx or quatrefoil
U-shapes (any direction)
Other Cultural Influences: 
Spanish/European
Keywords: 

wars, guerras, enemies, enemigos, combatientes
(flagged for presentation ++)

Glyph or Iconographic Image: 
Relevant Nahuatl Dictionary Word(s): 

yao(tl), enemy, combatant, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/yaotl
yaoyo(tl), warfare, https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/yaoyotl

Glyph/Icon Name, Spanish Translation: 

El Combatiente

Spanish Translation, Credit: 

Stephanie Wood

Image Source: 

Matrícula de Huexotzinco, folio 485v, World Digital Library, https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_15282/?sp=45&st=image.

Image Source, Rights: 

This manuscript is hosted by the Library of Congress and the World Digital Library; used here with the Creative Commons, “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License” (CC-BY-NC-SAq 3.0).

Historical Contextualizing Image: 
See Also: 

yaotl (Mdz46r)

yaotl (Mdz51r)