Atonal (MH665r)
This black-line drawing of the compound glyph for the personal name Atonal (“Water" the day sign, or Dzawindanda in Mixtec) is attested here as a man’s name. It shows a sun (tonatiuh or tonalli), which can represent a day (ilhuitl) as well as a source of energy for a person (tonalli). The sun has short, spiky rays in a circular shape, and in the middle there is a frontal view of a face. The face reveals European stylistic influences; the eyes, for instance, are not the stellar or starry eyes of the Codex Mendoza. Below the sun are three curving streams of water, each one with a droplet (or a bead) at the end. Water was a day sign in the 260-day divinatory calendar (tonalpohualli). The water streams have black lines of current, to suggest movement, and at the top is a small whirlpool, also pointing to visible movement. The tonalli of water may also refer to its shimmer, vibrance, or resplendence--all terms for shine or gleam that additionally refer to movement.
Stephanie Wood
This is likely a case where a relatively average citizen was given an illustrious calendrical name. The famous Atonal was a Mixtec ruler. According to Wikipedia, Atonaltzin (in the reverential form of the name in Nahuatl) was also called Dzawindanda by the Mixtecs. He ruled the Mixtec kingdom of Coixtlahuaca. After the first Motecuhzoma took power over Coixtlahuaca, sometime in the second half of the fifteenth century, the Nahuas executed Atonal apparently in revenge for the deaths of a large number of long distance merchants. Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez (Time and the Ancestors, 2017, 337) suggest the following meaning for Atonal: "Atonal refers to a person with a calendar name that contained the day sign Water." Notice how different is the glyph for Atonal in the earlier Codex Mendoza, with the sun here showing considerable European stylistic influence (such as the sun having a face).
Stephanie Wood
1560
Jeff Haskett-Wood
nombres de hombres, nombres de personas famosas, gobernadores, Mixtecos, calendarios, días, agua, sol, tonales, fuerzas animadoras, religión indígena, tonalpohualli, rayos, brillar, luminosidad, lustre, fulgor
Stephanie Wood
Matrícula de Huexotzinco, folio 665r, World Digital Library, https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_15282/?sp=410&st=image.
This manuscript is hosted by the Library of Congress and the World Digital Library; used here with the Creative Commons, “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License” (CC-BY-NC-SAq 3.0).
